Animal Cruelty in China Essay

Now our eyes are lashed by animal-abusing events nearby: Liu Haiyang, a Qinghua University student, hurt bears by sulphuric acid; tigers in circus troupe died of tiredness; thousands upon thousands of pet dogs in Guangzhou have them vocal cords cuthere are still countless such examples too tragic to look upon. The lesson we learn from that is not the transaction to individual event, but the need of some deep-going thinking: why does China have no related laws to ban and penalize similar commitment, when our society is increasingly developed; and why can our citizens turn blind in front of such atrocities when they are kept in a nation with profound Buddhism origin. Few people in China care about the feelings of animals or possess the concept of animal welfare. Some traditional factors play a positive role in this field. From childhood, anything about animals, most Chinese children get in touch with has undoubtedly put man above them. Even some of the children songs have described the nature of animals as malicious, such as slippery fox and ruthless wolf and so on, which not only casts a dark shadow over their hearts, but also leaves a wide gap between animals and children. These can all be taken in at a glance at the old saying: Man is the master of the universe. Disdain in spirit may lead to cruelty in action. As a result, man endows himself the natural rights to dominate the universe at the thought of human rights is gifted by the God, and take the life of animals as trifling matters. The civilized man always divides creatures into mankind and animals. The reason is no doubt that man thinks high of himself. Then is the deep-rooted human priority really true? Why should we insist on the inferiority of animals? Darwin has particularly compared the intellect of man and lower orders animals. He hold the opinion that we now know that the sensory organs, intuition, all kinds of emotions and functions, such as, love, memory, attention, curiosity, imitating and reasoning abilities, etc. Scientists have proved that animals possess sense perception as man does, which makes us have to ask ourselves a question: in the past 200 years, why did men keep extending the idea of ethics from state to nation, then to race, and finally to all individuals? Of course, morality has economic limitation. The reason because we found the former practice unfair. History shows that the category of ethical ideas is continuously expanding, and its extent keeps deepening. Man will finally break each kind of discovered unfairness, but we still exclude most perceptive species. Man could not communicate with animals in language, nor could they by other means. Therefore, man could not understand their agony and thereby took it as granted that animals could not sense pain. But now, man can measure whether an animal is suffering pain by some quantified standards. Experiments also proved the ability of animals to sense pain. If man still disregards their feelings in such a case, then it can by no means be considered a noble thing. A Chinese proverb says that never give anything to the others unless you like the thing. It may be changed into never give anything man dislike to them. Then how should we judge the suitable category of ethics at present level? I believe that the profit of each object involved in an action should all be considered. Therefore, we should extend the category of ethics to all species that are able to sense pain, joy and happiness. Why cannot man recognize animals in real life? The reason is that morality also has limitation of society. In reality there are usually conflicts between man and animal. Once man thinks an animal is harmful to him, he will show defense and hostility, considering not at all its welfare. Humans treat other humans still like this, let alone towards animals incapable of communicating in human languages. Therefore, powerful binding force is needed to seek welfare for animals. From the legal point of view, the inheritance of excellent Chinese traditional morality should be absorbed by newly discussed Chinese Animal Welfare Laws. Although it is easy to learn from abroad, it still needs persevering efforts of several years to really make the idea of animal welfare go deep into the hearts of most Chinese citizens. Since China has now been one of the members of World Trade Organization, the legal system and civilization level must catch up with the steps of economy linked to international developed countries. Thus, the development is wholesome, up-going and full-scale. It will be a great victory of global animal welfare cause to realize its popularization in China, a country that takes up one fifth of the world population. Up till now, most countries have enacted related laws and regulations. Many experience shows that in a society, the more advanced the economy, and the deeper the democratic idea goes into people heart, the much easier the concept of animal welfare is popularized and accepted by its citizens. Whether a person owns a kind heart can also be judged by his treatment toward animals. It is said that some criminologists point out that the maltreatment toward animals in childhood is a sign of the risk of committing crimes after grown up. Law is the minimal morality. The love and attention to animals should be from the bottom of hearts, instead of the regulation at legal levels. Maybe when human society reaches the stage of, in the word of Confucius, every life being equal, it is the time that animals finally be liberated. Universal love has no distinction between species. This is a world shared together by man and animals. China has started fairly late, but we may not escape or be absent in the trend of universal love. The future is bright but the way is zigzag. I would like to cite this Chinese proverb to describe the situation of Animal Welfare Law in China and I hope all the animals live happier life in the future, in China.

Philosophy of Plato Essay

?By studying Plato’s views on the soul, virtues, and forms, one can understand his outlooks on the individual and natural purpose, or telos. Plato had a teleological worldview, so he believed everything in nature had an end, or purpose. In his famous Allegory of the Cave, along with the Sun and Line analogies, Plato outlines the spiritual and intellectual journey of a human from ignorance into goodness and knowledge, which symbolizes a human reaching his or her purpose. This essay will evaluate Plato’s teleological view regarding humans by analyzing his Allegory of the Cave with relation to his views of the tripartite soul, virtues, and forms; in addition, I will determine if Plato’s views of virtue and happiness are feasible or not. Plato had an interesting view on the soul and its relation to the body. He believed that the soul had three parts: the appetitive, spirited, and rational. In his famous work the Republic, Plato argued that the soul must be tripartite because â€Å"the same thing cannot at the same time with the same part of itself act in contrary ways about the same† (Republic, IV, 1). This argument makes sense, for if the soul was just one part, it would contradict itself when it desires a thing at one time but does not desire it at another time. Plato related the soul to virtue by comparing the tripartite soul to the ideal city-state. He emphasized that, in order for one’s soul to remain good and orderly, its parts must not â€Å"interfere with one another [and not] do the work of others† (Republic IV, 5). This is what Plato calls justice, and it relates to an individual in one class not doing the business of another in another class. Accordingly, wisdom is the virtue of the rational part of the soul, relating to teachers, and courage is the virtue of the spirited part, correlating with soldiers. Finally, moderation occurs when the parts of the soul work together cooperatively, making the soul unified and complete, similar to a unified and flourishing city-state. Plato claimed that the natural purpose of humans is to reason well, and in order to fulfill this, humans must have these virtues of their soul. Plato, like many other ancient philosophers, thought of virtue as excellence. In the Republic, Plato regarded the virtues of justice, moderation, courage, and wisdom as the most important virtues, which is clear since he included them in his account of the soul. For our souls to reach their purpose, which is ultimately happiness, we must understand and live out these virtues in our lives. For example, according to Plato, one can master the virtue of justice by performing one’s work, or function, well, without interfering with someone else’s business. Also, in book IV of the Republic, Socrates attempts to convince Glaucon and Adeimantus that living the virtuous life is the best, happiest life. Plato, through Socrates, argued, â€Å"virtue is the health and beauty and well-being of the soul† (Republic IV, 6). Therefore, for humans to reach our end and find happiness, we must live a virtuous life. Plato had a very unique view on forms. He believed forms, as metaphysical entities, exist in a separate universe from the material world and that this universe of forms is absolutely perfect. Things in the material world that relate to forms are independent of the forms themselves. For example, a knife is sharp, but Plato believed it was separate from the form of sharpness. Plato believed virtues were forms, and notably that the â€Å"form of the good is the most important thing to learn about† (Republic, VI, 1). Like the virtues, the most important forms include justice, moderation, and courage, but the highest form of all is the form of the good. Plato believed that understanding these forms, especially the form of the good, is crucial to one’s purpose and happiness. Plato said, â€Å"Every soul pursues the good and does whatever it does for its sake† (Republic, VI, 2). Plato’s teleological view is shown here; the soul’s ultimate purpose is to find the good (and happiness), and if it does this, it will understand everything else. This idea is further explained in the Allegory of the Cave, which I will discuss in the next paragraph. The Allegory of the Cave describes a person on an intellectual journey from ignorance to reason. Most humans are like the prisoners in the cave; they are ignorant and fail to learn new things because they are comfortable with what they already know, despite the lack of reason. Plato said that humans must free themselves from their previous thoughts and see that these thoughts lacked reason, just like the prisoner who saw that the shadows were actually produced from objects and were not â€Å"real† themselves. Once outside the cave, humans can learn about virtues and forms, similar to the prisoner who sees natural objects and not human-made copies of them. Ultimately, at the end of their intellectual journey, humans will see that every form is derived from the form of the good, which is denoted by the sun in the story. Plato’s sun analogy is essentially within the Allegory of the Cave. The sun provides light, allowing us to see things for what they truly are; similarly, the form of the good allows us to understand other forms and therefore gives us knowledge. His line analogy is important in linking the visible and intelligible realms as well as metaphysics and epistemology. The lowest part of the visible realm includes images and pictures and is linked with imagination. The next part includes the material objects themselves and compares to belief. Entering the intelligible realm, there are numbers and shapes, associated with thought. Finally, the highest area involves forms and is linked, accordingly, with knowledge and understanding. In the throne of the highest area sits the form of the good, which is key to understanding everything else. Plato believed that virtuous people would do virtuous things. Initially, this seems to make perfect sense; a just person will do just things and an unjust person will do unjust things. Plato believed people are motivated by desire when making decisions, whether we choose the morally right or wrong option. He does not take into account, however, that a virtuous person might have to perform some immoral acts in order to produce a virtuous end. If a good man kills a murderer because he is a murderer, this is clearly an immoral act, but his intention is good and it is virtuous that he saved future victims of the murderer. The action is important in developing virtue as seen by others, but it does not necessarily improve one’s virtue because only the individual knows if he or she is actually being virtuous or not. Therefore, I believe Plato’s account of virtue is ultimately inadequate. Regarding Plato’s view on forms and the Allegory of the Cave, is it every individual’s purpose to find the good? Certainly everyone would desire to understand the form of the good, but Plato seems to reserve this for philosopher-kings, the wisest people destined to rule over others. This is a major problem in Plato’s philosophy, as he said everyone desires the good, but since only a few seem to have the intellectual capability to reach it, only these few should pursue it in a just city-state. It is, therefore, the job of these philosopher-kings to teach about the good, but as shown in the Allegory of the Cave, people who are not enlightened have a very difficult time understanding it and may reject it altogether. Since Plato believed that understanding the form of the good leads to happiness, he must have believed that only those with the intellectual capability to understand it are truly able to be happy. I think this is a major hole in Plato’s view of happiness, because people can definitely be happy without this knowledge of the good. Plato’s philosophy outlines a very ordered society and soul. His strong belief that everything in nature has a purpose appears in all his philosophy. His account of the soul is relatively complex due to his tripartite view, and his view of forms is also complex and unlikely, as Aristotle and other philosophers later rejected it. As shown in the previous paragraphs, his accounts of virtue and happiness are also insufficient. Despite this, Plato was an incredibly influential and important philosopher, and he is still effective in describing the individual and natural purpose through his philosophic beliefs.

Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essays

Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essays Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essay Discovering Emotional Labour Essay Essay Emotional work is the control of a person’s feeling in order to expose the appropriate emotions to others in different state of affairss ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 7 ) . In other words. a individual has to set aside his or her ain feelings and shows the right emotions in the right topographic point at the right clip. This construct can be applied to many facets of our day-to-day life and when used in footings of it being sold for a pay. Hochschild ( 1983 ) specify it as emotional labor. By concentrating on the service industries. this essay will discourse Hochschild’s history of emotional labor and look into certain countries of concern caused by it. Although the pattern of emotional work can be link all the manner back to the ancient clip. the term emotional labor is considered to be comparatively new and is first discussed in Arlie Hochschild’s ( 1983 ) book. â€Å"The Managed Heart† . With the rise of the post-industrial work. there had been a important addition of the service sector during the late 1900s ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . In fact. one now interacts with other persons instead than working with a machine ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . Therefore. this gives rise to the importance of interpersonal accomplishments and the usage of emotional labor ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. ) . Whenever a individual changes his or her emotions. tone. organic structure linguistic communication. etc. to conform to an ideal. it is considered as emotional labor ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 7 ) . It is practiced widely in many signifiers of modern work. A flight attending smiling heartily while functioning each and every riders. a cafe barista demoing enthusiasm when doing java. and a nurse screening attention and concern when assisting a patient. All of the above are illustrations of emotional labor. With it being a major portion of our behaviour today. it is critical that we look more deeply to understand how emotional labor plants. Hochschild discussed two types of emotional playing: surface moving and deep playing. Surface playing is the act of seting on or demoing an emotion without genuinely experiencing that emotion inside oneself ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 35 ) . This means that one has to stamp down his or her negative emotions. such as unhappiness. choler. ennui. etc. . and expose positive emotions. such as felicity. attention. exhilaration. etc. There have been concerns being brought up sing the usage of surface moving. as it can take to serious side effects such as depression. On the other manus. deep playing is the act of seting on an emotion that one truly feels inside ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 35 ) . This is done either by demoing the emotion that we truly experience or by true method moving. True method moving plants by thought of our past experiences we try to promote the existent emotion that we may non hold felt otherwise ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 38 ) . In footings of emotional labor. we are frequently mentioning to true method moving which is really much similar to come up moving. one lacks the freedom to truly expose his or herself during work. Now girls. I want you to travel out at that place and truly smile. Your smiling is your biggest plus. I want you to travel out at that place and utilize it. Smile. Truly smile. Truly lay it on ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 4 ) . † A pilot tells the above to the trainees of Delta Airline Stewardess Training Center. This clearly shows how much the air hose focuses on the value of a personal smiling to reflect it company’s individuality instead than its flight safety or the promptness of its flight goings and reachings ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 4 ) . Another good illustration would be the baristas working in the universe largest coffeehouse ironss. Starbucks Coffee being remained systematically by their directors to supply clients with the â€Å"Starbucks Experience† . Baristas are told to set up a cheerful and enthusiastic forepart. connect with the clients and to develop the say â€Å"yes† attitude. In fact. beside Starbucks. many other nutrient and drink concerns today have already travel on to concentrate on their client service instead than concentrating entirely on the quality and gustatory sensation of their merchandises. There has been much treatment of emotional labor being â€Å"Taylorized† . Hochschild ( 1983 ) compared the labor of a mill worker and a flight attender. She mentioned that a mill worker is merely making physical work while a flight attender has to make physical and mental labor. every bit good as besides emotional work ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 6 ) . Quite similar to Frederick Taylor’s standardisation of the physical motions of industrial workers in the early 1900s. scientific direction is now used to the mass production of emotional motions ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . For illustration. Disney provides prescriptions to their trainees to ever do oculus contact and smiling. greet and welcome each and every invitee. state â€Å"thank you† to each and every invitee. etc. ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 32 ) . The Disney expression besides extends to personify visual aspects. such as hair length and manner. do up. organic structure aroma. nails length and coloring material ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 32 ) . Besides Disney. a immense figure of companies are besides transforming emotional labor on a expansive graduated table ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . This is because of the economical benefit of making so ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . If employees are able to give the clients a good experience. do them experience welcome and particular. so the clients may reiterate their visit and purchase ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . This greatly concept greatly encourages houses to work the usage of emotional labor ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . The smiling of a salesman is seen as a cardinal characteristic of a â€Å"good† employee attitude and client satisfaction ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . â€Å"The infective smiling is regarded as beginnings of competitory advantage. ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 33 ) . † As clip goes by and till today. we all expect service to be smiling ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 3 ) . Many see emotional labor as a potentially good as no client will desire his or her temper to be spoiled by a ugly waitress or a crabbed banker ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . Today. it is common to hold the thought that we pay for good service and anticipate it to be provided ( Hochschild. 1983: Pg. 9 ) . However. there are several countries of concern caused by emotional labor. Disney or Macdonald in the procedure of making criterions of their Dreamland Experience or the Big Mac. at the same clip besides produce emotion in their employees ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 34 ) . The employees have to execute interpersonal work within them to make the ever-present smiling. niceness when under force per unit area and suppression of irritations and weariness ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 35 ) . For those that uses deep moving to execute their work started to experience that they are get downing to lose their ain individuality ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 35 ) . Fineman ( 2003 ) references that the flight attendings were so into their work function that they began confuse of their individuality. particularly their gender. Others prefer to take on the occupation by surface moving. seting up the show. looking right and no more ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 5 ) . Using surface playing can still do one to breakdown under force per unit area. when their choler. annoyance or rebellion breakthrough ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 35 ) . Beside psychological issue. there are besides cultural issues of concern over emotional labor. Many fast-food workers are immigrants who have small to smile about when the y arrive at work ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 36 ) . A bulk of them have many jobs and faces much worry inside them but they are still expected to set up the smiling ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 36 ) . Another cultural issue is that non all social-cultural background support smiling in commercial exchange. However. by standardising even the emotional facet. MacDonald except all their staff in all states and cultural background to smile at their clients ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 36 ) . For illustration. in Japan native Nipponese business communities were taught to smile to assist them with international trades ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 42 ) . However. this is a immense struggle with the traditional Nipponese manner. where instant smiling is considered as a cultural abuse ( Fineman. 2003: Pg. 42 ) . In decision. due to the emerging service sector work in the late 1900s and the transmutation of emotional labor on expansive graduated table through standardisation and preparation. we all expect service to be smiling today. No uncertainty. it is consider as potentially good. no 1 will wish their temper to be affect by the others. However. there are besides countries of concern over the psychological and cultural issues that arise from the usage of emotional labor. Therefore. it is of import for us to reconsider and possibly non excessively work the usage of emotional labor for ain good.

North and South essays

North and South essays The first two reading selections for Economics 344 make some notable observations about the growth and development of budding economies. In Engerman and Sokoloffs chapter entitled Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth Among New World Economies, the authors compare the economic growth levels of the North American colonies to those of Latin American colonies. Then, in Tracking the Economic Divergence of the North and the South, Peter Coclanis notes the different economic paths taken by these two distinct regions of the United States. Overall, these two essays are similar in nature they make similar comparisons across two regions using similar criteria. The readings, however, differ drastically in their subject matter and in the scope of the comparisons. In the first reading, Stanley Engerman and Kenneth Sokoloff attempt to explain what factors contributed to the different levels of economic development between the North American colonies and the Latin American colonies. They hypothesize that the United States and Canada were able to sustain economic growth due to factor endowments that were superior to those of Central and South America. Endowments such as climate, soil, and density of the native population, they say, predisposed certain colonies to accomplishing economic growth. Institutions and government policies such as land policies and trade regulations were also significant determining factors, but less so than factor endowments. After comparing the prosperous colonies to the less prosperous, the authors then briefly state differences within the United States colonies as far as economic growth is concerned. Numerous differences in the economic patterns of the North and the South are pointed out indeed, in many ways t he South resembled those colonies that became less successful. Despite these distinctions, in the end, the authors conclude tha...

Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive

Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive Preceding a Gerund with a Possessive By Maeve Maddox A gerund is an -ing verb form that is used as a noun. Like any other noun, a gerund can function as the subject or object of a verb, or as the object of a preposition: 1. Gardening is my favorite hobby. (noun, subject of is) 2. He likes shooting skeet. (noun, object of likes) 3. He loves to talk about hunting. (noun, object of the preposition about) 4. Do you mind my asking a question? (noun, object of mind) This post is about the use of my in the fourth example. Why precede the gerund asking with the possessive adjective my? Why not write, â€Å"Do you mind me asking a question?† In this sentence, the word asking is a gerund. A gerund is a noun. Nouns are modified by adjectives, not by other nouns or pronouns. Consider: Because some people don’t like animals, I ask a guest, â€Å"Do you mind my dog?† I wouldn’t say, â€Å"Do you mind me dog.† Ergo, I wouldn’t say, â€Å"Do you mind me asking?† That’s the reasoning and the rule. Then there’s popular usage: If you don’t mind him calling you at work, give him your business card. If you don’t mind them losing your possessions, then this is the hotel for you. You should take out the garbage without me asking. H. W. Fowler calls the construction of preceding a gerund with a noun or accusative pronoun a â€Å"fused participle† and devotes several tetchy pages to it in Modern English Usage. He illustrates the problem with three sentences: 1. Women having the vote share political power with men. (This example is grammatically correct: having is a participle modifying the subject women.) 2. Women’s having the vote reduces men’s political power. (This example is grammatically correct: having is a gerund modified by the possessive women’s.) 3. Women having the vote reduces men’s political power. (This example is ungrammatical.) Fowler points out that because the verb reduces is singular, women cannot be its subject. Yet, having can’t be the subject because that would leave women â€Å"in the air† without a grammatical function. He says the construction is a compound notion that fuses the noun women with the participle having. He calls this construction a â€Å"fused participle,† denouncing it altogether as â€Å"grammatically indefensible.† Modern grammarians still prefer preceding the gerund with a possessive in formal usage, but do not uniformly condemn the fused participle as Fowler did. A writer at a site about legal prose observes that sometimes a fused participle is the only idiomatic choice: There are exceptions–sentences in which idiom simply demands that a participle be fused, or else the sentence rewritten altogether.–Lawprose.org/. Some of the exceptions cited as being accepted by â€Å"respected usage commentators† are: The likelihood of that happening is nil. He frequently felt a chance of this happening. He disapproved of politicians still in their prime writing memoirs. Blindly following the rule with these sentences would produce the following unidiomatic constructions: The likelihood of that’s happening is nil. He frequently felt a chance of this’s happening. He disapproved of politicians still in their prime’s writing memoirs. Careful writers will continue to think carefully about which word precedes a gerund in formal writing. Even in informal speech and writing, a construction like, â€Å"I hate my husband being passed over at work† is to be avoided. As the speaker does not, presumably, hate her husband, the better choice is, â€Å"I hate my husband’s being passed over at work.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?"Confused With" and "Confused About"Using "zeitgeist" Coherently

REFLECTIVE COMMENTRY- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

REFLECTIVE COMMENTRY- - Essay Example Anti-social Behaviour act 2003 was enacted in order to provide enforcement for the Antisocial behaviour order and the Fixed Penalty Notice, the ban of sale of spray pain to under 16s and empower the local councils in removal of graffiti from the private property. It also has provisions to deal the truancy, false report for emergency, fireworks, drunkenness and disorder, and related gang activities. Working with other agencies in the society like communal and neighbourhood groups to tackle ASBO issues and work also with the extended policy family to have visible presence in the community to deter and divert crimes. Have opening schedule of licensed premises to ensure crime prevent ant-social behaviour to have proactive visits to the licensed premises in partnership with local police force to provide public reassurances The new policy should also ensure that it uses all the available means to reach to the public to ensure that the problem of antisocial behaviour is address. All the available options including the media and other avenues should be used to reach the public and create awareness on the antisocial behaviour sand how they are to be avoided. In this incidence, the young man who is involved in the antisocial behaviour exhibit problems of social exclusion and other problems. Although he has social problems he is in a bad company which may be influencing him to engage in crimes. Social exclusion can make individual to start engaging in crimes. According to social labelling theory self-identity and behaviour of an individual is influenced by the way that person is labelled by the society and the way that individual is described by the member of the society. Although sub-cultural theory assumer that there are groups or individual in the society that have characters that make them prone to criminal activities, the society also plays big role in constructing the criminal. (Marek 2004, p. 32) Labelling theory

Course work about ( Waste ) for Ecology Coursework

Course work about ( Waste ) for Ecology - Coursework Example natural capability for various environmental elements which absorb and regulate these gasses, to make the world habitable by the different species existing in various ecosystems. The local issues related to waste in UAE include the lack of capacity by the country to identify, and develop projects that can be able to support carbon reduction progress. The other challenge is securing sufficient financing for these projects once they have been developed since the carbon footprint continues to increase (Ahmad, 2015). The 3 R’s can help in protecting the environment through minimising the waste that goes to the environments by application of the processes involved in those processes. These processes also ensure there is a reduction of the usage of materials which generate waste and ultimately reduce the space used for landfills. Hecht, J. (2006). Global warming stretches subtropical boundaries. Science, 312, 1179. Retrieved from